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Erbil, also known as Hewler ((クルド語: Hewlêr), ; (アラビア語:أربيل) ''Arbīl''), is the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan. It is located northwest of Baghdad, and its governorate has a permanent population of approximately 1.61 million as of 2011. Human settlement at Erbil can be dated back to possibly 5000 BC, and it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited areas in the world. At the heart of the city is the ancient Citadel of Arbil. The earliest historical reference to the region dates to the Ur III dynasty of Sumer, when king Shulgi mentioned the city of Urbilum – the ancient name of modern-day Arbil. The city became an integral part of Assyria from the 25th century BC to the 7th century BC. Erbil was under the rule of many regional powers in turn, including the Babylonians, the Medes, the Persians and Greeks. Following the Muslim conquest of Persia, the Arabs dissolved Assyria (then known as Assuristan/Athura) as a geo-political entity in the mid-7th century AD, and during medieval times the city came to be ruled by the Seljuk and Ottoman Turks.〔Georges Roux - Ancient Iraq〕 Erbil's archaeological museum houses a large collection of pre-Islamic artifacts, and is a center for archaeological projects in the area.〔 The city was designated as Arab Tourism Capital 2014 by the Arab Council of Tourism.〔(Erbil named 2014 Arab Tourism Capital ). Retrieved 2014-01-30〕〔("Erbil: Kurdish City, Arab Capital" ), Rudaw. Retrieved 2014-01-30〕 In July 2014, Erbil Citadel was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. ==Etymology== The name ''Erbil'' was mentioned in Sumerian holy writings of third millennium BC as ''Urbilum'', ''Urbelum'' or ''Urbillum'', Later, the Akkadians and Assyrians by a folk etymology rendered the name as ''arba'ū ilū'' to mean ''four gods''. The city became a centre for the worship of the Assyro-Babylonian goddess Ishtar which was also borrowed from Sumer god of innanna. In classical times the city became known as ''Arbela'' ('Άρβηλα). In Old Persian the city was called Arbairā. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Erbil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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